Insights

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is widely used to evaluate major accident hazards across process industries. However, facilities handling energetic materials such as explosives, propellants and ammunition require specialised methodologies that differ from conventional Process QRA. This article explains the key differences between Process QRA and Explosives QRA, including frequency modelling, consequence assessment, regulatory frameworks and practical applications. Backgrou

In this article: Key takeaways What is DSEAR? DSEAR vs ATEX When is DSEAR and ATEX Required? What are “Dangerous Substances”? What Activities May Require Compliance with DSEAR or ATEX? DSEAR and ATEX Compliance Conclusion Key takeaways DSEAR provides the UK legal framework for managing risks from dangerous substances and explosive atmospheres, and transposes the EU ATEX 153 Workplace Directive (1999/92/EC) into UK law. ATEX distinguishes between workplace safety and equipment

In this article: Introduction Why is SIMOPS QRA Needed? Risk Metrics and Acceptance Criteria Hazard Identification (HAZID) QRA modelling for SIMOPS Risk Treatment and ALARP Demonstration Key Takeaways It is often required to perform construction, decommissioning, drilling, etc., next to live hazardous process facilities. The risk management of such Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) represents unique challenges which can be assessed by tools such as a SIMOPS QRA. Introduction I

In this article: Key takeaways Introduction For whom is CHRA relevant? Chemical exposure and hazardous substances Purpose of CHRA General description of the CHRA method Participation The CHRA methodology Identify work activities Identify the chemicals Assess exposure Assess the risk On paper, hazardous chemicals are often well controlled; in practice, the main challenge is how people use and handle them during real tasks. The NORSOK S-002:2025 Chemical Health Risk Asses

In this article: From Compliance to Value: Functional Safety in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Functional Safety in a GMP-Regulated Environment Early Hazard Identification and Inherently Safer Design Quantifying Risk Through LOPA Establishing Traceability with SRS and C&E Matrices Integrated Vendor Package and Interface Verification Common Functional Safety Pitfalls in Pharmaceutical Project Independent Assurance Through Functional Safety Assessments Operational Benefits of a L

In this article: What is WEHRA? When is WEHRA Relevant? Why is WEHRA Beneficial for a Company? Description of the WEHRA Method Workshop – Part 1: Risk Identification and Evaluation Workshop – Part 2: Identification of Mitigating Actions WEHRA Guidewords What is WEHRA? WEHRA is a powerful, structured, workshop-based method used to identify, assess, and manage health risks in the Working Environment in a systematic manner. The WEHRA risk model places humans and their work tasks

In this article: HAZID Frequency Analysis Consequence Analysis Fire and Explosion DeALs Establishing Escalation Scenarios Commonalities with QRA Linkage to Other Risk and Safety Documentation Assumptions and Uncertainties In the design or modification of process facilities that handle flammable materials posing a fire or explosion risk, it is Critical to conduct a Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis (FERA) The purpose of FERA is to systematically identify potential fire and expl

In this article: 1. The Challenge of Early-Phase Cost Estimation 2. Understanding Cost Estimate Classifications 3. Why Reliable CAPEX Estimates Matter 4. ORS Approach to Cost Estimation 5. Validation and Benchmarking 6. Application Across Industries 7. How ORS Can Support Your Project Accurate cost estimation is fundamental to sound project decision-making, yet many organizations struggle to obtain reliable CAPEX assessments during critical early-phase studies when budgets ar

In this article: Hazardous Area Classification Ignition probabilities QRA modelling Conclusions ATEX is applied for preventing ignition of flammable gases, vapors and dust clouds and thereby avoiding fire and explosions. But often there are misconceptions on the effectiveness of ATEX. In connection with HAZID workshops and similar it is commonly encountered that people at operators or system suppliers believe the following: It is not possible to have flammable gas in unclass